© Hawk Hill Farm 2003
Livestock
Hawk Hill is dedicated to the breeding and promotion of heritage
breed livestock. We have chosen to do this not only for the global
benefit to agricultural biodiversity but to our farm’s benefit of having
hardy animals that thrive on low input production methods that
improve the environment of our farm. And yes pasturing livestock
done right puts carbon back into the soil. We want to be part of the
solution!
Introduction
Over the years Laurie Maus has bred and raised multiple livestock breeds:
Holstein and Ayrshire Cattle, Canadian Horses, North Country Cheviot and
Tunis Sheep, Partridge Chantecler and Silver Grey Dorking Chickens.
While each of these breeds have their good and bad points, we chose to focus
on breeding Tunis Sheep and Partridge Chantecler chickens for the balance of
our farming career.
Why Heritage Breeds matter?
The livestock industry in Canada is dominated by just a handful of breeds:
Holstein and Angus cattle, Rideau Arcott, Suffolk and Dorset Sheep, Leghorn
and Cornish Cross chickens. In other countries you will find similar
domination of the agriculture industries by a few breeds. This is especially true
in developed nations.
With the domination by a narrow range of breeds, many heritage breeds are
being lost and with them the genetic diversity and ability to adapt to changing
climate, conditions and diseases as well as changing consumer demands.
The Canadian Government recognized that loss of heritage breeds made our
country’s food security vulnerable and with most countries worldwide signed a
number of international conventions to protect livestock genetic diversity.
These conventions included the Biodiversity Convention and the Global Plan
of Action for Animal Genetic Resources. The government has established the
Canadian Animal Genetic Resource Program that preserves genetic material
through cryopreservation. Despite that program, all the live animal breeding
programs in the federal government have been shut down leaving the
responsibility to preserve these breeds to passionate individuals like Bob and
me.
The Canadian Horse - Our National Treasure
2015 was the 350th Anniversary of the Canadian Horse.
While some people raise Canadians because they want to preserve a
rare breed and the National Horse of Canada, there are other more
practical reasons for owning a Canadian. Canadian horses are sturdy,
hardy, strong, easy keepers, that rarely having health or soundness
problems and are even tempered. It is a multipurpose breed that
excels in many disciplines including driving, dressage, trail riding,
herding cattle, logging, jumping, vaulting etc.
An article in the May 2005 Equus on "Buying or Building an Ideal Trail
Horse" by Dan Aadland recommended looking for a horse with:
•
good feet
•
good bone (at least 7 inch cannons for a 1,000lb horse)
•
short back
•
deep from withers to sternum
•
moderate slope on the shoulder
•
sensible temperament
•
able to be mounted without a block
While Mr. Aadland may not even know about the Canadian horse and
does not recommend any specific breed in his article, most of the
conformational features in his ideal trail horse can be found in a
Canadian horse. The same can be said for someone describing an
ideal driving horse and so on. The Canadian is the "Little Iron Horse
that Can!"
While we are no longer breeding Canadian horses, leaving this activity for
those younger than ourselves, we are proud of the foals we produced.
Partridge Chantecler Chickens
Hawk Hill has added Partridge Chantecler Chickens to our heritage breed
family. It was developed to withstand the Canadian winters both in the type of
plumage and the type of comb. They are a dual purpose bird that lay a
respectable number of eggs and provide a decent carcass at the end of its
productive life. The partridge plumage makes this breed less vulnerable in
free range conditions. Our birds virtually disappear in the foliage.
The “Albertan” or so Dr. Wilkinson called the breed during development and
for the first 16 years of its existence entered into the American Poultry
Association (APA) Standard of Perfection as a new standard variety called the
Partridge Chantecler in 1935
Their plumage is stunning with black edged chestnut feathers in the hens and
iridescent green/black tail and breast and liver chestnut head and cape in the
roosters. The breed standard is available in the APA Standard of Perfection.
2020 will see a renewed effort to improve and expand our breeding program.
Hopefully over the next decade we will have a sustainable, self-propagating
breeding program. We plan to have breeding stock available for sale in 2023.
Tunis Heritage Sheep - bred for the future
Over the last ten years, our sheep breeding operation has gone through a
number of phases each contributing to our knowledge of what works for us, for
our farm, for our sheep and for our clients. While we have been extremely
pleased with the quality and production of both our commercial crosses and
purebred North Country Cheviots, we had decided to focus on breeding
purebred Tunis sheep.
Age waits for nobody and in 2019 we decided to downsize our flock to three
fine fleece animals. The 2019 lamb flock and all but a couple of the remaining
flock was sold to Our Farm CSA, just west of Ottawa, in 2019. Contact Katie
Ward-Chiasson to inquire about Tunis breeding stock.
Why Tunis?
Our operation is predominately pasture and forage based. While we do
supplement with local grains for lactating ewes and growing lambs we wish to
keep those costs to a minimum. It is our opinion based on our observations
that the Tunis breed is thriftier and an ‘easier keeper” than either our North
Country Cheviot or our commercial cross.
So what are the other traits we like about the Tunis:
•
good feed efficiency
•
maintain their body condition throughout lactation
•
high dressing percentage
•
quiet temperament
•
good mothers
•
exceptional meat quality
•
good demand for breeding stock
•
heat and cold tolerance
•
high percentage of twins
For the last five years all our sheep have been production tested on the
Genovis program including loin and fat depth measurements. Prior to that we
were with Bio for 2 years. We have collected on farm records since we started
production.
2020 and Forward
The local Twistle Guild of spinners and weavers finally convinced me to join in
2019 and, after a break of nearly 40 years, I have taken up spinning and soon
weaving. While we knew that Tunis were excellent animals for meat
production, little did I know about the quality of Tunis wool for spinning. It is
definitely a wonderful beginner fibre: lively with lots of bounce, luster and
crimp. It spins easily and is very forgiving for a new spinner. There is a range
of fibre types within the breed. While we do not have a large flock, we do offer
fleeces for sale. We do have a limited number of fleeces available.